<input id="value" type="number" placeholder="1〜10なら水色それ以外はオレンジ色" min="1" max="10" value="">
<label for="value"></label>
input:in-range {
background: #90CAF9;
}
input:out-of-range {
background: #FFCCBC;
}
input:in-range + label::after {
content: '範囲内';
}
input:out-of-range + label::after {
content: '範囲外';
}